Nestled in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka, Medirigiriya Watadageya is one of the country’s finest examples of circular relic houses (known in Sinhala as Watadage). This ancient structure stands as a testament to Sri Lanka’s rich Buddhist heritage, artistic excellence, and architectural ingenuity dating back over 1,300 years.
Historical Background
Medirigiriya was originally part of the Anuradhapura Kingdom and later flourished during the Polonnaruwa era. The site has been mentioned in the ancient chronicle Culavamsa, where it is believed that King Aggabodhi VI (r. 733–772 AD) renovated the site during his reign. However, the origins of the monastery may go as far back as the 3rd century BCE, during the early days of Buddhism in Sri Lanka.
With the passage of time and foreign invasions like that of Kalinga Maga in the 13th century, the monastery fell into decline. It was rediscovered in 1897 by British archaeologist H.C.P. Bell, who documented and initiated conservation work on the ruins.
Architectural Highlights
The Watadageya at Medirigiriya is particularly famous for its circular design, built on a raised stone platform surrounded by three concentric rows of stone columns. At the center of the structure is a small stupa (dagoba), which likely enshrined sacred relics. Around it are four seated Buddha statues, each facing a cardinal direction.
- Stone Columns: There are 68 stone pillars arranged in three concentric circles. These were likely part of a wooden roof structure that once sheltered the stupa and the statues.
- Buddha Statues: The four Buddha images, facing north, south, east, and west, symbolize the universal spread of the Dhamma (Buddhist teachings).
- Craftsmanship: The level of stone carving and symmetry in layout suggests an advanced understanding of engineering and religious symbolism. The stone steps, moonstones (Sandakadapahana), and guardstones (Muragala) show close similarity to those found in Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa.
Spiritual and Cultural Significance
Medirigiriya Watadageya is not just an architectural marvel; it also reflects the devotional life and religious practices of ancient Sri Lanka. The circular shrine concept is unique to Sri Lanka and was used to protect the inner stupa from the elements while allowing devotees to circumambulate in meditation and prayer.
Today, the site continues to attract Buddhist pilgrims, history lovers, and architectural enthusiasts. It stands as a symbol of peace, spiritual mindfulness, and ancient craftsmanship.
Visitor Experience
- Tranquility: The location is serene, with panoramic views of the dry zone landscape and a peaceful atmosphere for reflection.
- Accessibility: Medirigiriya is located about 40 kilometers from Polonnaruwa and can be reached by road.
- Best Time to Visit: Early morning or late afternoon, to avoid the heat and to enjoy the calm surroundings.
- Dress Code: As it is a sacred Buddhist site, visitors are advised to dress modestly and behave respectfully.